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. Swarm is the European Space Agency (ESA)'s first Earth observation constellation mission, which was launched in 2013 to study the geomagnetic field and its temporalevolution. Two Langmuir probes aboard each of the three Swarm satellites provide in situ measurements of plasma parameters, which contribute tothe study of the ionospheric plasma dynamics. To maintain a high data quality for scientific and technical applications, the Swarm products arecontinuously monitored and validated via science-oriented diagnostics. This paper presents an overview of the data quality of the Swarm Langmuirprobes' measurements. The data quality is assessed by analysing short and long data segments, where the latter are selected to be sufficiently long enough toconsider the impact of the solar activity. Langmuir probe data have been validated through comparison with numerical models, other satellitemissions, and ground observations. Based on the outcomes from quality control and validation activities conducted by ESA, as well as scientificanalysis and feedback provided by the user community, the Swarm products are regularly upgraded. In this paper, we discuss the data qualityimprovements introduced with the latest baseline, and how the data quality is influenced by the solar cycle. In particular, plasma measurements aremore accurate in day-side regions during high solar activity, while electron temperature measurements are more reliable during night side at middleand low latitudes during low solar activity. The main anomalies affecting the Langmuir probe measurements are described, as well as possibleimprovements in the derived plasma parameters to be implemented in future baselines.

Swarm Langmuir probes' data quality validation and future improvements