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Securitization of immigration, the rise of interior immigration policing,and forces of carceral privatization have occasioned a remarkable expansionof immigrant detention throughout the United States. Previous studies havedrawn attention to the importance of the daily rates paid by the federalgovernment to individual facilities in driving the emphasis on detention.This paper, in contrast, argues that tracing the political and economicgeography of money <i>inside</i> detention facilities is also critical for understandingdetention expansion and its consequences. We define the processes,mechanisms, and practices of generating profit above and beyond the "per-bed" daily rate as "internal micro-economies" of migrant detention. Drawingon an ongoing examination of migrant detention facilities in the greater NewYork City metropolitan area, we identify four micro-economies evident indetention facilities: the commissary systems, phone and other forms ofcommunication, detainee labor, and detainee excursions outside detention.These economies show how detained migrants' needs and daily routines aretailored in ways that produce migrants as both captive consumers andlaborers. Recognition of multiple micro-economies also highlights the factthat the numbers of individuals and entities invested in the incarcerationof immigrants proliferate in tandem with the objectification of detainees.The paper further suggests that attending to relationships embedded in theinner workings of detention exposes economic links across carceralboundaries, rendering visible the porosity between government, privatecompanies, and publics

Examining the everyday micro-economies of migrant detention in the United States