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A clear understanding of erosion processes is fundamental in order to comprehend theevolution of actively deforming mountain ranges. However, the relative contributionsof tectonic and climatic factors and their feedbacks remain highly debated. In order to contribute to the debate, we quantify basin-widedenudation rates from cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in modern riversediments in the Pamir. This mountain range is a unique natural laboratorybecause the ongoing India–Eurasia collision sustains high deformation ratesand, on account of its position at the transition between Westerlies andmonsoon, a strong regional climatic variability arises. Sample acquisitionand preparation for accelerator mass spectrometry measurements werechallenging due to difficult field accessibility, low quartz and high feldsparconcentrations and crystal coating. Six samples along the maindraining river, the Panj, and five samples within the major, east–westelongated tributary basins allow us to quantify basin-wide denudation ratesfor the first time in this orogen. An average denudation rate of~ 0.64 mm yr−1 reveals a rapid evolution of the entire Pamir. Denudationrates of tributary sub-basins highlight the strong contrast between the PamirPlateau (0.05 to 0.16 mm yr−1) and its margins (0.54 to1.45 mm yr−1). The intensity of denudation is primarily correlatedwith geometric properties of the surface, such as slope steepness (0.75 quartiles;R2 of 0.81), and to a lesser extent to climatic factors such asprecipitation. We thus argue that either tectonic uplift or base-levellowering are the main contributors to denudation processes. Multiple linearregression analysis (best R2 of 0.93) suggests that precipitation mayact as a limiting factor to denudation. The highest denudation rates coincidewith areas of the northwestern Pamir margin that receive precipitationpredominantly from the Westerlies during winter. There, the concentrateddischarge during spring and early summer may sustain the pronounceddenudation and allow the rapid sediment transport out of the basins. Lowslope angles and dry conditions hamper the sediment flux on theplateau and, consequently, denudation. The magnitude of denudation in thePamir is similar to rates determined in the southern Himalaya despite verydifferent climatic and tectonic conditions. The discrepancy between rates ofbasin-wide denudation and the fluvial incision that is up to 10 times higher evidences a transient landscape in the Pamir. This underpins the hypothesisthat river captures may have caused the strong base-level lowering that drives the enhanced incision of the Panj and its main tributaries

earth surface dynamics

Denudation rates across the Pamir based on &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;Be concentrations in fluvial sediments: dominance of topographic over climatic factors