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The impact of particle shape on the angle of internal friction, and theresulting impact on beach sediment dynamics, is still poorly understood. Inareas characterized by sediments of specific shape, particularly non-roundedparticles, this can lead to large departures from the expected sedimentdynamics. The steep slope (1 : 10) of the mixed sand–gravel beach atAdvocate Harbour is stable in large-scale morphology over decades, despite ahigh tidal range of 10 m or more, and intense shore-break action duringstorms. The Advocate sand (<i>d</i> < 2 mm) was found to have an elliptic,plate-like shape (Corey Shape Index, CSI ≈ 0.2–0.6). High angles ofinternal friction of this material were determined using direct shear,ranging from φ ≈ 41 to 49°, while the round to angulargravel was characterized as φ = 33°. The addition of 25%of the elliptic plate-like sand-sized material to the gravel led to animmediate increase in friction angle to φ = 38°. Furthermore,re-organization of the particles occurred during shearing,characterized by a short phase of settling and compaction, followed by apronounced strong dilatory behavior and an accompanying strong increase ofresistance to shear and, thus, shear stress. Long-term shearing (24 h) usinga ring shear apparatus led to destruction of the particles withoutre-compaction. Finally, submerged particle mobilization was simulated using atilted tray submerged in a water-filled tank. Despite a smooth tray surface,particle motion was not initiated until reaching tray tilt angles of31° and more, being ≥7° steeper than for motioninitiation of the gravel mixtures. In conclusion, geotechnical laboratoryexperiments quantified the important impact of the elliptic, plate-like shapeof Advocate Beach sand on the angles of internal friction of both pure sandand sand–gravel mixtures. The resulting effect on initiation of particlemotion was confirmed in tilting tray experiments. This makes it a vividexample of how particle shape can contribute to the stabilization of thebeach face

The impact of particle shape on the angle of internal friction and the implications for sediment dynamics at a steep, mixed sand–gravel beach