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We analyze trends in maximum, minimum and mean temperatures (Tx, Tn, andTavg, respectively), diurnal temperature range (DTR) and precipitation from 18stations (1250-4500 m asl) for their overlapping period of record (1995-2012),and separately, from six stations of their long term record (1961-2012). Weapply Mann-Kendall test on serially independent time series to assess existenceof a trend while true slope is estimated using Sen s slope method. Further, westatistically assess the spatial scale (field) significance of local climatictrends within ten identified sub-regions of UIB and analyze whether thespatially significant (field significant) climatic trends qualitatively agreewith a trend in discharge out of corresponding sub-region. Over the recentperiod (1995-2012), we find a well agreed and mostly field significant cooling(warming) during monsoon season i.e. July-October (March-May and November),which is higher in magnitude relative to long term trends (1961-2012). We alsofind ... The observed hydroclimatic trends, being driven by certain changes inthe monsoonal system and westerly disturbances, indicate dominance(suppression) of nival (glacial) runoff regime, altering substantially theoverall hydrology of UIB in future. These findings largely contribute toaddress the hydroclimatic explanation of the Karakoram Anomaly.

Prevailing climatic trends and runoff response from Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya, upper Indus basin