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. The latest version of RegCM4 with CLM4.5 as a land surface scheme was used toassess the performance and sensitivity of the simulated West Africanclimate system to different convection schemes. The sensitivity studies wereperformed over the West African domain from November 2002 to December 2004 ata spatial resolution of 50 km  ×  50 km and involved fiveconvective schemes: (i) Emanuel; (ii) Grell; (iii) Emanuel over land andGrell over ocean (Mix1); (iv) Grell over land and Emanuel over ocean (Mix2);and (v) Tiedtke. All simulations were forced with ERA-Interim data.Validation of surface temperature at 2 m and precipitation were conductedusing data from the Climate Research Unit (CRU), GlobalPrecipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and the Tropical Rainfall MeasurementMission (TRMM) during June to September (rainy season), while the simulatedatmospheric dynamic was compared to ERA-Interim data. It is worth noting thatthe few previous similar sensitivity studies conducted in the region wereperformed using BATS as a land surface scheme and involved less convectiveschemes. Compared with the previous version of RegCM, RegCM4-CLM also shows ageneral cold bias over West Africa whatever the convective scheme used. Thiscold bias is more reduced when using the Emanuel convective scheme. In terms ofprecipitation, the dominant feature in model simulations is a dry bias thatisbetter reduced when using the Emanuel convective scheme. Considering the goodperformance with respect to a quantitative evaluation of the temperature andprecipitation simulations over the entire West African domain and itssubregions, the Emanuel convective scheme is recommended for the study of theWest African climate system.

Sensitivity study of the regional climate model RegCM4 to different convective schemes over West Africa