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Cyclones, which develop over the western Mediterranean and move northeastwardare a major source of extreme weather and known to be responsible for heavyprecipitation over the northern side of the Alpine range and Central Europe.As the relevant processes triggering these so-called Vb events and theirimpact on extreme precipitation are not yet fully understood, this studyfocuses on gaining insight into the dynamics of past events. For this, acyclone detection and tracking tool is applied to the ERA-Interim reanalysis(1979–2013) to identify prominent Vb situations. Precipitation in theERA-Interim and the E-OBS data sets is used to evaluate case-to-caseprecipitation amounts and to assess consistency between the two data sets.Both data sets exhibit high variability in precipitation amounts amongdifferent Vb events. While only 23 % of all Vb events are associated withextreme precipitation, around 15 % of all extreme precipitation days(99 percentile) over the northern Alpine region and Central Europe areinduced by Vb events, although Vb cyclones are rare events (2.3 per year). Toobtain a better understanding of the variability within Vb events, theanalysis of the 10 heaviest and lowest precipitation Vb events revealsnoticeable differences in the state of the atmosphere. These differences aremost pronounced in the geopotential height and potential vorticity field,indicating a much stronger cyclone for heavy precipitation events. Therelated differences in wind direction are responsible for the moisturetransport around the Alps and the orographical lifting along the northernslopes of the Alps. These effects are the main reasons for a disastrousoutcome of Vb events, and consequently are absent in the Vb events associatedwith low precipitation. Hence, our results point out that heavy precipitationrelated to Vb events is mainly related to large-scale dynamics rather than tothermodynamic processes

Climatology of Vb cyclones, physical mechanisms and their impact on extreme precipitation over Central Europe