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Marine isotope stage (MIS) 13 ( 500 000 years ago) has been recognized as atypical in many paleoclimate records and, in particular, it has been connected to an ex- ceptionally strong summer monsoon throughout the North- ern Hemisphere. Here, we present a multi-proxy study of a sediment core taken from the Murray Ridge at an inter- mediate water depth in the northern Arabian Sea that covers the last 750 000 years. Our results indicate that primary pro- ductivity conditions were anomalously high during MIS 13 in the Arabian Sea and led to extreme carbonate dissolution and glauconitization in the deep-sea sediments. These ob- servations could be explained by increased wind driven up- welling of nutrient-rich deep waters and, hence, by the oc- currence of an exceptionally strong summer monsoon event during MIS 13, as it was suggested in earlier studies. How- ever, ice core records from Antarctica demonstrate that atmo- spheric methane concentrations, which are linked to the ex- tent of tropical wetlands, were relatively low during this pe- riod. This constitutes a strong argument against an extremely enhanced global monsoon circulation during MIS 13 which, moreover, is in contrast with results of transient climate mod- elling experiments. As an alternative solution for the aber- rant conditions in the Arabian Sea record, we propose that the high primary productivity was probably related to the on- set of an intensive meridional overturning circulation in the Atlantic Ocean at the end of the Mid-Pleistocene transition. This may have led to an increased supply of nutrient-rich deep waters into the Indian Ocean euphotic zone, thereby triggering the observed productivity maximum.

climate of the past

High Arabian Sea productivity conditions during MIS 13 – odd monsoon event or intensified overturning circulation at the end of the Mid-Pleistocene transition?