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Abstract. Variations of precipitation, also called the Meiyu rain, in the East Asiansummer monsoon (EASM) domain during the last millennium could help enlightenthe hydrological response to future global warming. Here we present aprecisely dated and highly resolved stalagmite  δ18O  record fromthe Yongxing Cave, central China. Our new record, combined with a previouslypublished one from the same cave, indicates that the Meiyu rain has changeddramatically in association with the global temperature change. Inparticular, our record shows that the Meiyu rain was weakened duringthe Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) but intensified during the Little IceAge (LIA). During the Current Warm Period (CWP), our record indicates asimilar weakening of the Meiyu rain. Furthermore, during the MCA and CWP,our records show that the atmospheric precipitation is similarly wet innorthern China and similarly dry in central China, but relatively wet duringthe CWP in southern China. This spatial discrepancy indicates a complicatedlocalized response of the regional precipitation to the anthropogenicforcing. The weakened (intensified) Meiyu rain during the MCA (LIA) matcheswell with the warm (cold) phases of Northern Hemisphere surface airtemperature. This Meiyu rain pattern also corresponds well to the climaticconditions over the tropical Indo-Pacific warm pool. On the other hand, ourrecord shows a strong association with the North Atlantic climate as well.The reduced (increased) Meiyu rain correlates well with positive (negative)phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation. In addition, our record links wellto the strong (weak) Atlantic meridional overturning circulation duringthe MCA (LIA) period. All abovementioned localized correspondences andremote teleconnections on decadal to centennial timescales indicate that theMeiyu rain was coupled closely with oceanic processes in the tropical Pacificand North Atlantic oceans during the MCA and LIA.

Hydrological variations in central China over the past millennium and their links to the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic oceans