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Englacial ice contains a significant reservoir of organic material(OM), preserving a chronological record of materials from Earth's past. Here,we investigate if OM composition surveys in ice core research can providepaleoecological information on the dynamic nature of our Earth through time.Temporal trends in OM composition from the early Holocene extending back tothe Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WD)ice core were measured by fluorescence spectroscopy. Multivariate parallelfactor (PARAFAC) analysis is widely used to isolate the chemical componentsthat best describe the observed variation across three-dimensionalfluorescence spectroscopy (excitation–emission matrices; EEMs) assays.Fluorescent OM markers identified by PARAFAC modeling of the EEMs from theLGM (27.0–18.0 kyr BP; before present 1950) through the last deglaciation(LD; 18.0–11.5 kyr BP), to the mid-Holocene (11.5–6.0 kyr BP) providedevidence of different types of fluorescent OM composition and origin in theWD ice core over 21.0 kyr. Low excitation–emission wavelength fluorescentPARAFAC component one (C1), associated with chemical species similar tosimple lignin phenols was the greatest contributor throughout the ice core,suggesting a strong signature of terrestrial OM in all climate periods. Thecomponent two (C2) OM marker, encompassed distinct variability in the icecore describing chemical species similar to tannin- and phenylalanine-likematerial. Component three (C3), associated with humic-like terrestrialmaterial further resistant to biodegradation, was only characteristic of theHolocene, suggesting that more complex organic polymers such as lignins ortannins may be an ecological marker of warmer climates. We suggest thatfluorescent OM markers observed during the LGM were the result of greatercontinental dust loading of lignin precursor (monolignol) material in a drierclimate, with lower marine influences when sea ice extent was higher andcontinents had more expansive tundra cover. As the climate warmed, the recordof OM markers in the WD ice core changed, reflecting shifts in carbonproductivity as a result of global ecosystem response

A 21 000-year record of fluorescent organic matter markers in the WAIS Divide ice core