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The boron isotope composition (δ11B) of foraminiferal calcitereflects the pH and the boron isotope composition of the seawater theforaminifer grew in. For pH reconstructions, the δ11B of seawatermust therefore be known, but information on this parameter is limited. Herewe reconstruct Neogene seawater δ11B based on the δ11Bdifference between paired measurements of planktic and benthic foraminiferaand an estimate of the coeval water column pH gradient from theirδ13C values. Carbon cycle model simulations underscore that theΔpH–Δδ13C relationship is relatively insensitive toocean and carbon cycle changes, validating our approach. Our reconstructionssuggest that δ11Bsw was  ∼  37.5 ‰ duringthe early and middle Miocene (roughly 23–12 Ma) and rapidly increasedduring the late Miocene (between 12 and 5 Ma) towards the modern value of39.61 ‰. Strikingly, this pattern is similar to the evolution of theseawater isotope composition of Mg, Li and Ca, suggesting a common forcingmechanism. Based on the observed direction of change, we hypothesize that anincrease in secondary mineral formation during continental weatheringaffected the isotope composition of riverine input to the ocean since 14 Ma

climate of the past

A record of Neogene seawater &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;δ&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;11&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;B reconstructed from paired &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;δ&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;11&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;B analyses on benthic and planktic foraminifera