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Abstract. Marine dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is important to climate due to the ability of DMSto alter Earth's radiation budget.Knowledge of the global-scale distribution, seasonal variability, and sea-to-air flux of DMS is needed in order to improve understanding of atmospheric sulfur, aerosol/cloud dynamics, and albedo.Here we examine the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) to extrapolateavailable DMS measurements to the global ocean and produce a global climatologywith monthly temporal resolution.A global database of 82 996 ship-based DMS measurements in surface waters wasused along with a suite of environmental parameters consisting oflatitude–longitude coordinates, time of day, time of year, solar radiation,mixed layer depth, sea surface temperature, salinity, nitrate, phosphate, andsilicate.Linear regressions of DMS against the environmental parameters show that on aglobal-scale mixed layer depth and solar radiation are the strongest predictorsof DMS.These parameters capture ∼9  % and ∼7  % of the raw DMS data variance,respectively.Multilinear regression can capture more of the raw data variance ( ∼39  %) butstrongly underestimates DMS in high-concentration regions.In contrast, the artificial neural network captures ∼66  % of the raw datavariance in our database.Like prior climatologies our results show a strong seasonal cycle in surfaceocean DMS with the highest concentrations and sea-to-air fluxes in the high-latitudesummertime oceans.We estimate a lower global sea-to-air DMS flux ( 20.12±0.43  Tg S yr −1 )than the prior estimate based on a map interpolation method when the same gas transfer velocity parameterization is used.Our sensitivity test results show that DMS concentration does not change unidirectionally with each of the environmental parameters, which emphasizes the interactions among these parameters.The ANN model suggests that the flux of DMS from the ocean to the atmosphere will increase with global warming.Given that larger DMS fluxes induce greater cloud albedo, this corresponds to a negative climate feedback.

Global ocean dimethyl sulfide climatology estimated from observations and an artificial neural network