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Abstract. Nitrous oxide ( N2O ) is a potent greenhouse gas, and it isinvolved in stratospheric ozone depletion. Its oceanic production is mainlyinfluenced by dissolved nutrient and oxygen ( O2 ) concentrations in thewater column. Here we examined the seasonal and annual variations indissolved N2O at the Boknis Eck (BE) Time Series Station located inEckernforde Bay (southwestern Baltic Sea). Monthly measurements of N2O started in July 2005. We found a pronounced seasonal pattern for N2O with high concentrations (supersaturations) in winter and early springand low concentrations (undersaturations) in autumn when hypoxic or anoxicconditions prevail. Unusually low N2O concentrations were observedduring October 2016–April 2017, which was presumably a result of prolongedanoxia and the subsequent nutrient deficiency. Unusually high N2O concentrations were found in November 2017 and this event was linked to theoccurrence of upwelling which interrupted N2O consumption viadenitrification and potentially promoted ammonium oxidation (nitrification)at the oxic–anoxic interface. Nutrient concentrations (such as nitrate,nitrite and phosphate) at BE have been decreasing since the 1980s, but oxygenconcentrations in the water column are still decreasing. Our resultsindicate a close coupling of N2O anomalies to O2 concentration,nutrients, and stratification. Given the long-term trends of decliningnutrient and oxygen concentrations at BE, a decrease in N2O concentration, and thus emissions, seems likely due to an increasing numberof events with low N2O concentrations.

A multi-year observation of nitrous oxide at the Boknis Eck Time Series Station in the Eckernförde Bay (southwestern Baltic Sea)