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Abstract. Unicellular algae play important roles in the biogeochemical cycles ofnumerous elements, particularly through the biomineralization capacity ofcertain species (e.g., coccolithophores greatly contributing to the “organiccarbon pump” of the oceans), and unidentified actors of these cycles arestill being discovered. This is the case of the unicellular algaTetraselmis cordiformis (Chlorophyta) that was recently discoveredto form intracellular mineral inclusions, called micropearls, which had beenpreviously overlooked. These intracellular inclusions of hydrated amorphouscalcium carbonates (ACCs) were first described in Lake Geneva (Switzerland)and are the result of a novel biomineralization process. The genusTetraselmis includes more than 30 species that have been widelystudied since the description of the type species in 1878. The present study shows that many other Tetraselmis species sharethis biomineralization capacity: 10 species out of the 12 tested containedmicropearls, including T. chui, T. convolutae,T. levis, T. subcordiformis, T. suecica andT. tetrathele. Our results indicate that micropearls are notrandomly distributed inside the Tetraselmis cells but are locatedpreferentially under the plasma membrane and seem to form a definite pattern,which differs among species. In Tetraselmis cells, thebiomineralization process seems to systematically start with a rod-shapednucleus and results in an enrichment of the micropearls in Sr over Ca (theSr∕Ca ratio is more than 200 times higher in the micropearls than inthe surrounding water or growth medium). This concentrating capacity variesamong species and may be of interest for possible bioremediation techniquesregarding radioactive 90Sr water pollution. The Tetraselmis species forming micropearls live in various habitats, indicating thatthis novel biomineralization process takes place in different environments(marine, brackish and freshwater) and is therefore a widespread phenomenon.

biogeosciences

Marine and freshwater micropearls: biomineralization producing strontium-rich amorphous calcium carbonate inclusions is widespread in the genus &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Tetraselmis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Chlorophyta)