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The processing of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) duringdownstream transport in fluvial networks is poorly understood. Here, wereport a dataset of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and DOMcomposition (stable carbon isotope ratios, absorption and fluorescenceproperties) acquired along a 1700 km transect in the middle reach of theCongo River basin. Samples were collected in the mainstem and its tributariesduring high-water (HW) and falling-water (FW) periods. DOC concentrations andDOM composition along the mainstem were found to differ between the twoperiods because of a reduced lateral mixing between the central water massesof the Congo River and DOM-rich waters from tributaries and also likelybecause of a greater photodegradation during FW as water residence time (WRT)increased. Although the Cuvette Centrale wetland (one of the world's largestflooded forests) continuously releases highly aromatic DOM in streams andrivers of the Congo Basin, the downstream transport of DOM was found toresult in an along-stream gradient from aromatic to aliphatic compounds. Thecharacterization of DOM through parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) suggeststhat this transition results from (1) the losses of aromatic compounds byphotodegradation and (2) the production of aliphatic compounds by biologicalreworking of terrestrial DOM. Finally, this study highlights the criticalimportance of the river–floodplain connectivity in tropical rivers incontrolling DOM biogeochemistry at a large spatial scale and suggests that thedegree of DOM processing during downstream transport is a function oflandscape characteristics and WRT

Shift in the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter in the Congo River network