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A large share of peatlands in northwestern Germany is drained foragricultural purposes, thereby emitting high amounts of greenhouse gases(GHGs). In order to quantify the climatic impact of fen soils in dairyfarming systems of northern Germany, GHG exchange and forage yield weredetermined on four experimental sites which differed in terms of managementand drainage intensity: (a) rewetted and unutilized grassland (UG),(b) intensive and wet grassland (GW), (c) intensive and moist grassland (GM)and (d) arable forage cropping (AR). Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2and fluxes of CH4 and N2O were measured using closed manualchambers. CH4 fluxes were significantly affected by groundwater level(GWL) and soil temperature, whereas N2O fluxes showed a significantrelation to the amount of nitrate in top soil. Annual balances of all threegases, as well as the global warming potential (GWP), were significantlycorrelated to mean annual GWL. A 2-year mean GWP, combined fromCO2–C eq. of NEE, CH4 and N2O emissions, as well as C input(slurry) and C output (harvest), was 3.8, 11.7, 17.7 and17.3 Mg CO2–C eq. ha−1 a−1 for sites UG, GW, GM and AR,respectively (standard error (SE) 2.8, 1.2, 1.8, 2.6). Yield-relatedemissions for the three agricultural sites were 201, 248 and269 kg CO2–C eq. (GJ net energy lactation; NEL)−1 for sites GW,GM and AR, respectively (SE 17, 9, 19). The carbon footprint of agriculturalcommodities grown on fen soils depended on long-term drainage intensityrather than type of management, but management and climate stronglyinfluenced interannual on-site variability. However, arable forage productionrevealed a high uncertainty of yield and therefore was an unsuitable land useoption. Lowest yield-related GHG emissions were achieved by a three-cutsystem of productive grassland swards in combination with a high GWL(long-term mean  ≤  20 cm below the surface)

Greenhouse gas emissions from fen soils used for forage production in northern Germany