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A new 44 kyr long record of dinoflagellate (phytoplanktonic organisms) cysts(dinocysts) is presented from a marine sediment core collected on theCongolese margin with the aim of reconstructing past hydrological changes in theequatorial eastern Atlantic Ocean since Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 3. Ourhigh-resolution dinocyst record indicates that significant temperature andmoisture variations occurred across the glacial period, the last deglaciationand the Holocene. The use of specific dinocyst taxa, indicative of fluvial,upwelling and Benguela Current past environments for instance, providesinsights into the main forcing mechanisms controlling palaeohydrologicalchanges on orbital timescales. In particular, we are able, for the last44 kyr, to correlate fluvial-sensitive taxa to monsoonal mechanisms relatedto precession minima–obliquity maxima combinations. While upwellingmechanisms appear as the main drivers for dinoflagellate productivity duringMIS 2, dissolved nutrient-enriched Congo River inputs to the ocean alsoplayed a significant role in promoting dinoflagellate productivity betweenapproximately 15.5 and 5 ka BP. Finally, this high-resolution dinocyststudy permits us to precisely investigate the suborbital timing of the lastglacial–interglacial termination, including an atypical warm and wet oceanicLGM signature, northern high-latitude abrupt climate change impacts in theequatorial eastern Atlantic, as well as a two-step decrease in moistureconditions during the Holocene at around 7–6 and 4–3.5 ka BP

Dinocyst assemblage constraints on oceanographic and atmospheric processes in the eastern equatorial Atlantic over the last 44 kyr