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According to the latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC), emissions must be cut by 41–72 % below 2010 levels by 2050for a likely chance of containing the global mean temperature increase to 2 °C. The AFOLU sector (Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use)contributes roughly a quarter ( ∼  10–12 Pg CO2e yr−1) of the net anthropogenic GHG emissions mainly fromdeforestation, fire, wood harvesting, and agricultural emissions includingcroplands, paddy rice, and livestock. In spite of the importance of thissector, it is unclear where the regions with hotspots of AFOLUemissions are and how uncertain these emissions are. Here we present a novel, spatially comparable dataset containing annual mean estimates of gross AFOLUemissions (CO2, CH4, N2O), associated uncertainties, andleading emission sources, in a spatially disaggregated manner(0.5°) for the tropics for the period 2000–2005. Our datahighlight the following: (i) the existence of AFOLU emissions hotspots on all continents,with particular importance of evergreen rainforest deforestation in Centraland South America, fire in dry forests in Africa, and both peatlandemissions and agriculture in Asia; (ii) a predominant contribution of forestsand CO2 to the total AFOLU emissions (69 %) and to theiruncertainties (98 %); (iii) higher gross fluxes from forests, which coincide withhigher uncertainties, making agricultural hotspots appealing for effectivemitigation action; and (iv) a lower contribution of non-CO2 agriculturalemissions to the total gross emissions (ca. 25 %), with livestock(15.5 %) and rice (7 %) leading the emissions. Gross AFOLU tropicalemissions of 8.0 (5.5–12.2) were in the range of other databases (8.4 and 8.0 Pg CO2e yr−1 in FAOSTAT and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) respectively), but weoffer a spatially detailed benchmark for monitoring progress in reducingemissions from the land sector in the tropics. The location of the AFOLUhotspots of emissions and data on their associated uncertainties willassist national policy makers, investors, and other decision-makers who seekto understand the mitigation potential of the AFOLU sector

Hotspots of gross emissions from the land use sector: patterns, uncertainties, and leading emission sources for the period 2000–2005 in the tropics