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Peat extraction leaves a land surface with a strong relief of deep cutoverareas and higher ridges. Rewetting inundates the deep parts, while lessdeeply extracted zones remain at or above the water level. In temperate fensthe flooded areas are colonized by helophytes such as Eriophorum angustifolium,Carex spp., Typha latifolia or Phragmites australis dependenton water depth. Reeds of Typha and Phragmites are reported as large sources of methane, butdata on net CO2 uptake are contradictory for Typha and rare for Phragmites. Here, weanalyze the effect of vegetation, water level and nutrient conditions ongreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for representative vegetation types alongwater level gradients at two rewetted cutover fens (mesotrophic andeutrophic) in Belarus. Greenhouse gas emissions were measured campaign-wisewith manual chambers every 2 to 4 weeks for 2 years and interpolatedby modelling. All sites had negligible nitrous oxide exchange rates. Most sites werecarbon sinks and small GHG sources. Methane emissions generally increasedwith net ecosystem CO2 uptake. Mesotrophic small sedge reeds with watertable around the land surface were small GHG sources in the range of 2.3 to4.2 t CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1. Eutrophic tall sedge – Typha latifolia reeds on newlyformed floating mats were substantial net GHG emitters in the range of 25.1to 39.1 t CO2 eq. ha−1 yr. They represent transient vegetationstages. Phragmites reeds ranged between −1.7 to 4.2 t CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1with an overall mean GHG emission of 1.3 t CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1.The annual CO2 balance was best explained by vegetation biomass, whichincludes the role of vegetation composition and species. Methane emissionswere obviously driven by biological activity of vegetation and soilorganisms. Shallow flooding of cutover temperate fens is a suitable measure to arriveat low GHG emissions. Phragmites australis establishment should be promoted in deeper floodedareas and will lead to moderate, but variable GHG emissions or evenoccasional sinks. The risk of large GHG emissions is higher for eutrophicthan mesotrophic peatlands. Nevertheless, flooding of eutrophic temperatefens still represents a safe GHG mitigation option because even the hotspotof our study, the floating tall sedge – Typha latifolia reeds, did not exceed the typicalrange of GHG emissions from drained fen grasslands and the spatiallydominant Phragmites australis reed emitted by far less GHG than drained fens

Water level, vegetation composition, and plant productivity explain greenhouse gas fluxes in temperate cutover fens after inundation