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Mineral binding is a major mechanism for soil carbon (C)stabilization. However, the submicron information about the in situ mechanisms ofdifferent fertilization practices affecting organo-mineral complexes andassociated C preservation remains unclear. Here, we applied nano-scalesecondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) to examinedifferentiating effects of inorganic versus organic fertilization oninteractions between highly reactive minerals and soil C preservation. Toexamine such interactions, soils and their extracted colloids were collectedduring a 24-year long-term fertilization period (1990–2014)(no fertilization, control; chemical nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), andpotassium (K) fertilization, NPK; and NPK plus swine manure fertilization,NPKM). The results for different fertilization conditions showed a rankedsoil organic matter concentration with NPKM > NPK > control. Meanwhile, oxalate-extracted Al (Alo), Fe (Feo), short-range ordered Al (Alxps), Fe (Fexps), and dissolved organic carbon(DOC) ranked with NPKM > control > NPK, but the ratiosof DOC ∕ Alxps and DOC ∕ Fexps ranked with NPKM > NPK > control. Compared with the NPK treatment, the NPKM treatmentenhanced the C-binding loadings of Al and Fe minerals in soil colloids atthe submicron scale. Furthermore, a greater concentration of highly reactiveAl and Fe minerals was presented under NPKM than under NPK. Together, thesesubmicron-scale findings suggest that both the reactive mineral species andtheir associations with C are differentially affected by 24-year long-terminorganic and organic fertilization

biogeosciences

New strategies for submicron characterization the carbon binding of reactive minerals in long-term contrasting fertilized soils: implications for soil carbon storage