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Seawater microbes as well as those associated with macrobiota areincreasingly recognized as a key feature affecting nutrient cycling.Tidepools are ideal natural mesocosms to test macrofauna and microbeinteractions, and we quantified rates of microbial nitrogen processing usingtracer enrichment of ammonium (15NNH4) or nitrate(15NNO3) when tidepools were isolated from the ocean duringlow intertidal periods. Experiments were conducted during both day and nightas well as in control tidepools and those from which mussels had beenremoved,allowing us to determine the role of both mussels and daylight in microbialnitrogen processing. We paired time series observations of 15Nenrichment in NH4+, NO2− and NO3− with adifferential equation model to quantify multiple, simultaneous nitrogentransformations. Mussel presence and daylight increased remineralization andphotosynthetic nitrogen uptake. When we compared ammonium gain or loss thatwas attributed to any tidepool microbes vs. photosynthetic uptake, microbesaccounted for 32 % of this ammonium flux on average. Microbialtransformations averaged 61 % of total nitrate use; thus, microbialactivity was almost 3 times that of photosynthetic nitrate uptake. Because itaccounted for processes that diluted our tracer, our differential equationmodel assigned higher rates of nitrogen processing compared to priorsource–product models. Our in situ experiments showed that animals aloneelevate microbial nitrogen transformations by 2 orders of magnitude,suggesting that coastal macrobiota are key players in complex microbialnitrogen transformations

Tracer experiment and model evidence for macrofaunal shaping of microbial nitrogen functions along rocky shores