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In recent decades, the central North Sea has been experiencing a generaltrend of decreasing dissolved oxygen (O2) levels during summer. Tounderstand potential causes driving lower O2, we investigated a3-day period of summertime turbulence and O2 dynamics in thethermocline and bottom boundary layer (BBL). The study focuses on couplingbiogeochemical with physical transport processes to identify key drivers ofthe O2 and organic carbon turnover within the BBL. Combining our fluxobservations with an analytical process-oriented approach, we resolvedrivers that ultimately contribute to determining the BBL O2 levels. Wereport substantial turbulent O2 fluxes from the thermocline into theotherwise isolated bottom water attributed to the presence of a baroclinicnear-inertial wave. This contribution to the local bottom water O2 andcarbon budgets has been largely overlooked and is shown to play a role inpromoting high carbon turnover in the bottom water while simultaneouslymaintaining high O2 concentrations. This process may become suppressedwith warming climate and stronger stratification, conditions which couldpromote migrating algal species that potentially shift the O2production zone higher up within the thermocline

Thermocline mixing and vertical oxygen fluxes in the stratified central North Sea