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The world's ocean and land ecosystems act as sinks for anthropogenicCO2, and over the last half century their combined sink strength grewsteadily with increasing CO2 emissions. Recent analyses of the globalcarbon budget, however, have uncovered an abrupt, substantial ( ∼  1 PgC yr−1) and sustained increase in the land sink in the late 1980swhose origin remains unclear. In the absence of this prominent shift in theland sink, increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations since the late1980s would have been  ∼  30 % larger than observed (or ∼  12 ppm above current levels). Global data analyses arelimited in regards to attributing causes to changes in the land sink becausedifferent regions are likely responding to different drivers. Here, weaddress this challenge by using terrestrial biosphere models constrained byobservations to determine if there is independent evidence for the abruptstrengthening of the land sink. We find that net primary productionsignificantly increased in the late 1980s (more so than heterotrophicrespiration), consistent with the inferred increase in the global land sink,and that large-scale climate anomalies are responsible for this shift. Weidentify two key regions in which climatic constraints on plant growth haveeased: northern Eurasia experienced warming, and northern Africa receivedincreased precipitation. Whether these changes in continental climates areconnected is uncertain, but North Atlantic climate variability is important.Our findings suggest that improved understanding of climate variability inthe North Atlantic may be essential for more credible projections of theland sink under climate change

Climate-driven shifts in continental net primary production implicated as a driver of a recent abrupt increase in the land carbon sink