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Polarimetric measurements are sensitive to the sizes, concentrations,orientations, and shapes of raindrops. Thus, rainfall rates calculated frompolarimetric radar are influenced by the raindrop shapes and canting. Themean raindrop shape can be obtained from long-term raindrop size distribution(DSD) observations, and the shapes of raindrops can play an important role inpolarimetric rainfall algorithms based on differential reflectivity(ZDR) and specific differential phase (KDP). However, the meanraindrop shape is associated with the variation of the DSD, which can changedepending on precipitation types and climatic regimes. Furthermore, theserelationships have not been studied extensively on the Korean Peninsula. Inthis study, we present a method to find optimal polarimetric rainfallalgorithms for the Korean Peninsula by using data provided by both a two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) and the Bislsan S-band dual-polarizationradar. First, a new axis-ratio relation was developed to improve radarrainfall estimations. Second, polarimetric rainfall algorithms were derivedby using different axis-ratio relations. The rain gauge data were used torepresent the ground truth situation, and the estimated radar-point hourlymean rain rates obtained from the different polarimetric rainfall algorithmswere compared with the hourly rain rates measured by a rain gauge. The dailycalibration biases of horizontal reflectivity (ZH) and differentialreflectivity (ZDR) were calculated by comparing ZH and ZDRradar measurements with the same parameters simulated by the 2DVD. Overall,the derived new axis ratio was similar to the existing axis ratio except forboth small particles (≤ 2 mm) and large particles (≥ 5.5 mm). Theshapes of raindrops obtained by the new axis-ratio relation carried out withthe 2DVD were more oblate than the shapes obtained by the existing relations.The combined polarimetric rainfall relations using ZDR and KDP weremore efficient than the single-parameter rainfall relation for estimated 2DVDrainfall; however, the R(ZH, ZDR) algorithm showed the bestperformance for radar rainfall estimations, because the rainfall events usedin the analysis consisted mainly of weak precipitation and KDP isrelatively noisy at lower rain rates (≤ 10 mm h−1). Some of thepolarimetric rainfall algorithms can be further improved by new axis-ratiorelations

Dual-polarization radar rainfall estimation in Korea according to raindrop shapes obtained by using a 2-D video disdrometer