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The Austrian RADiation monitoring network (ARAD) has been established toadvance the national climate monitoring and to support satellite retrieval,atmospheric modeling and the development of solar energy techniques.Measurements cover the downward solar and thermal infrared radiation usinginstruments according to Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN)standards. A unique feature of ARAD is its vertical dimension of fivestations, covering an altitude range between about 200 m a.s.l (Vienna) and3100 m a.s.l. (BSRN site Sonnblick). The paper outlines the aims and scopesof ARAD, its measurement and calibration standards, methods, strategies andstation locations. ARAD network operation uses innovative data processingfor quality assurance and quality control, utilizing manual and automatedcontrol algorithms. A combined uncertainty estimate for the broadbandshortwave radiation fluxes at all five ARAD stations, using the methodologyspecified by the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurementindicates that relative accuracies range from 1.5 to 2.9 % for largesignals (global, direct: 1000 W m−2, diffuse: 500 W m−2) and from1.7 to 23 % (or 0.9 to 11.5 W m−2) for small signals(50 W m−2) (expanded uncertainties corresponding to the 95 %confidence level). If the directional response error of the pyranometers andthe temperature response of the instruments and the data acquisition system (DAQ)are corrected, this expanded uncertainty reduces to 1.4 to2.8 % for large signals and to 1.7 to 5.2 % (or 0.9–2.6 W m−2) for small signals. Thus, for large signals of global anddiffuse radiation, BSRN target accuracies are met or nearly met (missed byless than 0.2 percentage points, pps) for 70 % of the ARAD measurements afterthis correction. For small signals of direct radiation, BSRN targets areachieved at two sites and nearly met (also missed by less than 0.2 pps) atthe other sites. For small signals of global and diffuse radiation, targetsare achieved at all stations. Additional accuracy gains can be achieved inthe future through additional measurements, corrections and a furtherupgrade of the DAQ. However, to improve the accuracy of measurements ofdirect solar radiation, improved instrument accuracy is needed. ARAD couldserve as a useful example for establishing state-of-the-art radiationmonitoring at the national level with a multiple-purpose approach.Instrumentation, guidelines and tools (such as the data quality control)developed within ARAD are intended to increase monitoring capabilities ofglobal radiation and thus designed to allow straightforward adoption inother regions, without high development costs

The Austrian radiation monitoring network ARAD – best practice and added value