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The global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) method is arelatively new technique for taking atmospheric measurements for use in bothweather and climate studies. As such, this technique needs to be evaluatedfor all parts of the globe. Here, we present an extensive evaluation of theperformance of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) GPS RO observations of the Southern Oceanboundary layer. The two COSMIC products used here are the "wetPrf" product,which is based on 1-D variational analysis with European Centre forMedium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and the "atmPrf" product, whichcontains the raw measurements from COSMIC. A direct comparison of temporallyand spatially co-located COSMIC profiles and high resolution radiosondeprofiles from Macquarie Island (54.62° S, 158.85° E)highlights weaknesses in the ability of both COSMIC products to identify theboundary layer structure, as identified by break points in the refractivityprofile. In terms of reproducing the temperature and moisture profile in thelowest 2.5 km, the "wetPrf" COSMIC product does not perform as well as ananalysis product from the ECMWF. A further statistical analysis is performedon a large number of COSMIC profiles in a region surrounding MacquarieIsland. This indicates that, statistically, COSMIC performs well at capturingthe heights of main and secondary break points. However, the frequency ofbreak points detected is lower than the radiosonde profiles suggest, but thiscould be simply due to the long horizontal averaging in the COSMICmeasurements. There is also a weak seasonal cycle in the boundary layerheight similar to that observed in the radiosonde data, providing someconfidence in the ability of COSMIC to detect an important boundary layervariable

An evaluation of COSMIC radio occultation data in the lower atmosphere over the Southern Ocean