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Radiosondes provide one of the primary sources of upper troposphere andstratosphere temperature data for numerical weather prediction, theassessment of long-term trends in atmospheric temperature, study ofatmospheric processes and provide intercomparison data for other temperaturesensors, e.g. satellites. When intercomparing different temperature profilesit is important to include the effect of temporal mismatch between themeasurements. To help quantify this uncertainty the atmospheric temperaturevariation through the day needs to be assessed, so that a correction anduncertainty for time difference can be calculated. Temperature data from anintensive radiosonde campaign, at Manus Island in Papua New Guinea, wereanalysed to calculate the hourly rate of change in temperature at differentaltitudes and provide recommendations and correction factors for differentlaunch schedules. Using these results, three additional longer term datasets were analysed (Lindenberg 1999 to 2008; Lindenberg 2009 to 2012; andSouthern Great Plains 2006 to 2012) to assess the diurnal variability oftemperature as a function of altitude, time of day and season of the year.This provides the appropriate estimation of temperature differences forgiven temporal separation and the uncertainty associated with them. Ageneral observation was that 10 or more repeat measurements would berequired to get a standard error of the mean of less than 0.1 K per hour oftemporal mismatch

atmospheric measurement techniques

Determining the temporal variability in atmospheric temperature profiles measured using radiosondes and assessment of correction factors for different launch schedules