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Chlorine monoxide (ClO) is the key species for anthropogenic ozone losses inthe middle atmosphere. We observed ClO diurnal variations using theSuperconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on theInternational Space Station, which has a non-sun-synchronous orbit. Thisincludes the first global observations of the ClO diurnal variation from thestratosphere up to the mesosphere. The observation of mesospheric ClO waspossible due to 10–20 times better signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of thespectra than those of past or ongoing microwave/submillimeter-wavelimb-emission sounders. We performed a quantitative error analysis for thestrato- and mesospheric ClO from the Level-2 research (L2r) product version2.1.5 taking into account all possible contributions of errors, i.e. errorsdue to spectrum noise, smoothing, and uncertainties in radiative transfermodel and instrument functions. The SMILES L2r v2.1.5 ClO data are usefulover the range from 0.01 and 100 hPa with a total error estimate of10–30 pptv (about 10%) with averaging 100 profiles. The SMILES ClOvertical resolution is 3–5 km and 5–8 km for the stratosphere andmesosphere, respectively. The SMILES observations reproduced the diurnalvariation of stratospheric ClO, with peak values at midday, observedpreviously by the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Upper Atmosphere ResearchSatellite (UARS/MLS). Mesospheric ClO demonstrated an opposite diurnalbehavior, with nighttime values being larger than daytime values. A ClOenhancement of about 100 pptv was observed at 0.02 to 0.01 hPa (about70–80 km) for 50° N–65° N from January–February 2010. Theperformance of SMILES ClO observations opens up new opportunities toinvestigate ClO up to the mesopause

Strato-mesospheric ClO observations by SMILES: error analysis and diurnal variation