English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) atmosphericradio occultation (RO) has been an effective method for exploring Earth's atmosphere. RO signals propagate through the ionosphere before reaching theneutral atmosphere. The GNSS signal is affected by the ionosphericirregularity including the sporadic E ( Es ) and F region irregularity mainly dueto the multipath effect. The effect of ionospheric irregularity onatmospheric RO data has been demonstrated by several studies in terms of analyzing singe cases. However, its statistical effect has not been investigatedcomprehensively. In this study, based on the Constellation Observing Systemfor Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) RO data during 2011–2013,the failed inverted RO events occurrence rate and the bending angleoscillation, which is defined as the standard deviation of the bias betweenthe observed bending angle and the National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCAR) climatology model bending angle between 60 and 80 km, were used forstatistical analysis. It is found that at middle and low latitudes duringthe daytime, the failed inverted RO occurrence and the bending angleoscillation show obvious latitude, longitude, and local time variations,which correspond well with the Es occurrence features. The F regionirregularity (FI) contributes to the obvious increase of the failed invertedRO occurrence rate and the bending angle oscillation value during thenighttime over the geomagnetic equatorial regions. For high latituderegions, the Es can increase the failed inverted RO occurrence rate and thebending angle oscillation value during the nighttime. There also exists theseasonal dependency of the failed inverted RO event and the bending angleoscillation. Overall, the ionospheric irregularity effects on GNSSatmospheric RO measurement statistically exist in terms of failed RO event inversion andbending angle oscillation. Awareness of these effects couldbenefit both the data retrieval and applications of RO in the loweratmosphere.

Statistically analyzing the effect of ionospheric irregularity on GNSS radio occultation atmospheric measurement