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Fourteen research flights were conducted with the National Center forAtmospheric Research (NCAR) C-130 near Christmas Island (2° N, 157° W)during the summer of 2007 as part of the Pacific Atmospheric SulfurExperiment (PASE). In order to tightly constrain the scalar budget of DMS,vertical eddy fluxes were measured at various levels in the marine boundarylayer (MBL) from ~30 m to the top of the mixed layer (~500 m)providing improved accuracy of the flux divergence calculation in the DMSbudget. The observed mean mole fraction of DMS in the MBL exhibited thewell-known diurnal cycle, ranging from 50–95 pptv in the daytime to 90–110pptv at night. Contributions from horizontal advection are included using amultivariate regression of all DMS flight data within the MBL to estimatethe mean gradients and trends. With this technique we can use the residualterm in the DMS budget as an estimate of overall photochemical oxidation.Error analysis of the various terms in the DMS budget indicate that chemicallosses acting on time scales of up to 110 h can be inferred with thistechnique. On average, photochemistry accounted for ~7.4 ppt hr−1 loss rate for the seven daytime flights, with an estimated error of0.6 ppt hr−1. The loss rate due to expected OH oxidation is sufficientto explain the net DMS destruction without invoking the action of additionaloxidants (e.g., reactive halogens.) The observed ocean flux of DMS averaged3.1 (±1.5) μmol m−2 d−1, and generally decreasedthroughout the sunlit hours. Over the entire mission, the horizontaladvection contribution to the overall budget was merely -0.1 ppt hr−1,indicating a mean atmospheric DMS gradient nearly perpendicular to theeast-southeasterly trade winds and the chlorophyll gradient in theequatorial upwelling ocean. Nonetheless, horizontal advection was asignificant term in the budget of any given flight, ranging from −1.2 to 2.5ppt hr−1 , indicating a patchy and variable surface seawater DMSdistribution, and thus needs to be accounted for in budget studies

Closing the dimethyl sulfide budget in the tropical marine boundary layer during the Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment