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Due to its adverse effects on human health, atmospheric particulate matter(PM) constitutes a growing challenge for air quality management. It is alsoa complex subject of study. The understanding of its atmospheric evolutionis indeed made difficult by the wide number of sources and the numerousprocesses that govern its evolution in the troposphere. As a consequence,the representation of particulate matter in chemistry-transport models needsto be permanently evaluated and enhanced in order to refine ourcomprehension of PM pollution events and to propose consistent environmentalpolicies. The study presented here focuses on two successive summerparticulate pollution episodes that occurred on the French Mediterranean coast.We identify and analyze the constitutive elements of the first andmore massive episode and we discuss their representation within a eulerianmodel.  The results show that the model fails in reproducing the variability and theamplitude of dust import from western Africa, and that it constitutes astrong bias in PM daily forecasts. We then focus on the lack of diurnalvariability in the model, which is attributed to missing urban sources instandard emission inventories, and notably the resuspension of particles byurban road traffic. Through a sensitivity study based on PM and NO<sub>x</sub>measurements, we assess the sensitivity of PM to local emissions and theneed to reconsider road traffic PM sources. In parallel, by coupling theCHIMERE-DUST model outputs to our simulation, we show that therepresentation of transcontinental dust transport allows a much betterrepresentation of atmospheric particles in southern France, and that it isneeded in the frame of air quality management for the quantification of theanthropogenic part of particulate matter pollution

The representation of dust transport and missing urban sources as major issues for the simulation of PM episodes in a Mediterranean area