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Excess reactive Nitrogen (Nr) has become one of the most pressingenvironmental problems leading to air pollution, acidification andeutrophication of ecosystems, biodiversity impacts, leaching of nitratesinto groundwater and global warming. This paper investigates how currentinventories cover emissions of Nr to the atmosphere in Europe, theUnited States of America, and China. Thefocus is on anthropogenic sources, assessing the state-of-the-art ofquantifying emissions of Ammonia (NH3), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) andNitrous Oxide (N2O), the different purposes for which inventories arecompiled, and to which extent current inventories meet the needs ofatmospheric dispersion modelling. The paper concludes with adiscussion of uncertainties involved and a brief outlook on emerging trendsin the three regions investigated is conducted. Key issues are substantial differences in the overall magnitude, but as wellin the relative sectoral contribution of emissions in the inventories thathave been assessed. While these can be explained by the use of differentmethodologies and underlying data (e.g. emission factors or activity rates),they may lead to quite different results when using the emission datasets tomodel ambient air quality or the deposition with atmospheric dispersionmodels. Hence, differences and uncertainties in emission inventories are notmerely of academic interest, but can have direct policy implications whenthe development of policy actions is based on these model results. The level of uncertainty of emission estimates varies greatly betweensubstances, regions and emission source sectors. This has implications forthe direction of future research needs and indicates how existing gapsbetween modelled and measured concentration or deposition rates could bemost efficiently addressed. The observed current trends in emissions display decreasing NOxemissions and only slight reductions for NH3 in both Europe and the US.However, in China projections indicate a steep increase of both

Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories