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Aerosols act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) for cloud water droplets,and changes in aerosol concentrations have significant microphysical impactson the corresponding cloud properties. Moderate Resolution ImagingSpectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol and cloud properties are combined withNCEP Reanalysis data for six different regions around the globe betweenMarch 2000 and December 2005 to study the effects of different aerosol,cloud, and atmospheric conditions on the aerosol indirect effect (AIE).Emphasis is placed in examining the relative importance of aerosolconcentration, type, and atmospheric conditions (mainly vertical motion) toAIE from region to region. Results show that in most regions, AIE has a distinct seasonal cycle, thoughthe cycle varies in significance and period from region to region. In theArabian Sea (AS), the six-year mean anthropogenic + dust AIE is −0.27 Wm−2 and is greatest during the summer months (<−2.0 Wm−2)during which aerosol concentrations (from both dust and anthropogenicsources) are greatest. Comparing AIE as a function of thin (LWP<20 gm−2) vs. thick (LWP≥20 gm−2) clouds under conditions oflarge scale ascent or decent at 850 hPa showed that AIE is greatest forthick clouds during periods of upward vertical motion. In the Bay of Bengal,AIE is negligible owing to less favorable atmospheric conditions, a lowerconcentration of aerosols, and a non-alignment of aerosol and cloud layers.In the eastern North Atlantic, AIE is weakly positive (+0.1 Wm−2) withdust aerosol concentration being much greater than the anthropogenic or seasalt components. However, elevated dust in this region exists above themaritime cloud layers and does not have a hygroscopic coating, which occursin AS, preventing the dust from acting as CCN and limiting AIE. The WesternAtlantic has a large anthropogenic aerosol concentration transported fromthe eastern United States producing a modest anthropogenic AIE (−0.46 Wm−2). Anthropogenic AIE is also present off the West African coastcorresponding to aerosols produced from seasonal biomass burning (bothnatural and man-made). Interestingly, atmospheric conditions are notparticularly favorable for cloud formation compared to the other regionsduring the times where AIE is observed; however, clouds are generally thin(LWP<20 gm−2) and concentrated very near the surface. Overall, weconclude that vertical motion, aerosol type, and aerosol layer heights domake a significant contribution to AIE and that these factors are often moreimportant than total aerosol concentration alone and that the relativeimportance of each differs significantly from region to region

A six year satellite-based assessment of the regional variations in aerosol indirect effects