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The second generation Collection 005 (C005) MODIS operationalalgorithm for retrieval of aerosol properties was evaluated andvalidated for the greater Mediterranean basin(29.5° N–46.5° N and10.5° W–38.5° E), a region with an atmosphere undersiege by air pollution and diminishing water resources that areexacerbated by high aerosol loads and climatic change. The presentstudy aims to quantify the differences between the C005 and theprevious (C004) MODIS collections, and re-assess the results ofprevious studies that have been performed for the region usingMODIS C004 aerosol optical depth (AOD) products. Daily data of AODfrom EOS-Terra covering the 6-year period 2000–2006 were taken fromboth C005 and C004 Level-3 datasets, and were inter-compared andvalidated against ground-based measurements from 29 AERONETstations. The C005 data were found to significantly better agreewith the AERONET data than those of C004. The correlationcoefficient between MODIS and AERONET was found to increase from0.66 to 0.76 and the slope of linear regression MODIS/AERONET from0.79 to 0.85. The MODIS C005 data still overestimate/underestimatethe AERONET AOD values smaller/larger than 0.25, but to a muchsmaller extent than C004 data. The better agreement of C005 withAERONET data arises from the generally lower C005 values, withregional mean AOD values equal to 0.27 and 0.22 for C004 and C005,respectively. This decrease, however, is not uniform over the regionand involves a significant decrease over land and a small increaseover the ocean for AOD values greater than 0.1 (opposite changeswere found under aerosol-clean conditions). Both data sets indicatea decrease in the regional mean AOD over the period 2000–2006,equal to 20% based on C005 and 17% based on C004 datasets, thoughthe intra-annual and inter-annual variation did not changesignificantly, thus indicating a systematic correction to C004values

Assessment of the MODIS Collections C005 and C004 aerosol optical depth products over the Mediterranean basin