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Mobile sources produce a significant fraction of the total anthropogenicemissions burden in large cities and have harmful effects on air quality atmultiple spatial scales. Mobile emissions are intrinsically difficult toestimate due to the large number of parameters affecting the emissionsvariability within and across vehicles types. The MCMA-2003 Campaign inMexico City has showed the utility of using a mobile laboratory to sampleand characterize specific classes of motor vehicles to better quantify theiremissions characteristics as a function of their driving cycles. Thetechnique clearly identifies "high emitter" vehicles via individualexhaust plumes, and also provides fleet average emission rates. We haveapplied this technique to Mexicali during the Border Ozone Reduction and AirQuality Improvement Program (BORAQIP) for the Mexicali-Imperial Valley in2005. We analyze the variability of measured emission ratios for emittedNOx, CO, specific VOCs, NH3, and some primary fine particlecomponents and properties by deploying a mobile laboratory in roadsidestationary sampling, chase and fleet average operational sampling modes. Themeasurements reflect various driving modes characteristic of the urbanfleets. The observed variability for all measured gases and particleemission ratios is greater for the chase and roadside stationary samplingthan for fleet average measurements. The fleet average sampling modecaptured the effects of traffic conditions on the measured on-road emissionratios, allowing the use of fuel-based emission ratios to assess thevalidity of traditional "bottom-up" emissions inventories. Using themeasured on-road emission ratios, we estimate CO and NOx mobileemissions of 175±62 and 10.4±1.3 metric tons/day, respectively,for the gasoline vehicle fleet in Mexicali. Comparisons with similar on-roademissions data from Mexico City indicated that fleet average NO emissionratios were around 20% higher in Mexicali than in Mexico City whereasHCHO and NH3 emission ratios were higher by a factor of 2 in MexicoCity than in Mexicali. Acetaldehyde emission ratios did not differsignificantly whereas selected aromatics VOCs emissions were similar orsmaller in Mexicali. Nitrogen oxides emissions for on-road heavy-duty dieseltruck (HDDT) were measured near Austin, Texas, as well as in both Mexicancities, with NOy emission ratios in Austin < Mexico City <Mexicali

Comparison of emissions from on-road sources using a mobile laboratory under various driving and operational sampling modes