English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Temperature soundings are performed by lidar at the mid-latitudestation of Kühlungsborn (Germany, 54° N,12° E). The profiles cover the complete range from thelower troposphere (~1 km) to the lower thermosphere(~105 km) by simultaneous and co-located operation of aRayleigh-Mie-Raman lidar and a potassium resonance lidar.Observations have been done during 266 nights between June 2002and July 2007, each of 3–15 h length. This large and unique dataset provides comprehensive information on the altitudinal andseasonal variation of temperatures from the troposphere to thelower thermosphere. The remaining day-to-day-variability isstrongly reduced by harmonic fits at constant altitude levels anda representative data set is achieved. This data set reveals atwo-level mesopause structure with an altitude of about 86–87 km(~144 K) in summer and ~102 km (~170 K) during therest of the year. The average stratopause altitude is ~48 kmthroughout the whole year, with temperatures varying between 258and 276 K. From the fit parameters amplitudes and phases ofannual, semi-annual, and quarter-annual variations are derived.The amplitude of the annual component is largest with amplitudesof  up to 30 K in 85 km, while the quarter-annual variation issmallest and less than 3 K at all altitudes. The lidar data set iscompared with ECMWF temperatures below about 70 km altitude andreference data from the NRLMSISE-00 model above. Apart fromthe temperature soundings the aerosol backscatter ratio ismeasured between 20 and 35 km. The seasonal variation of thesevalues is presented here for the first time

Seasonal variation of nocturnal temperatures between 1 and 105 km altitude at 54° N observed by lidar