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We investigated the effects of fire-induced plume-rise on the simulation ofcarbon monoxide (CO) over Africa and its export during SAFARI 2000 using theNCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) with a CO tracer and a plume-riseparameterization scheme. The plume-rise parameterization scheme simulatesthe consequences of strong buoyancy of hot gases emitted from biomassburning, including both dry and cloud-associated (pyro-cumulus) lofting. Thecurrent implementation of the plume-rise parameterization scheme into theglobal model provides an opportunity to examine the effect of plume-rise onlong-range transport. The CAM simulation with the plume-riseparameterization scheme seems to show a substantial improvement of theagreements between the modeled and aircraft-measured vertical distributionof CO over Southern Africa biomass-burning area. The plume-rise mechanismplays a crucial role in lofting biomass-burning pollutants to the middletroposphere. In the presence of deep convection we found that the plume-risemechanism results in a decrease of CO concentration in the uppertroposphere. The plume-rise depletes the boundary layer, and thus leaveslower concentrations of CO to be lofted by the deep convection process. Theeffect of the plume-rise on free troposphere CO concentration is moreimportant for the source area (short-distance transport) than for remoteareas (long-distance transport). A budget analysis of CO burden overSouthern Africa reveals the plume-rise process to have a similar impact asthe chemical production of CO by OH and CH<sub>4</sub>. In addition, theplume-rise process has an minor impact on the regional export. These resultsfurther confirm and extend previous findings in a regional model study.Effective lofting of large concentration of CO by the plume-rise mechanismalso has implications for local air quality forecasting in areas affected byother fire-related pollutants

Modeling the effect of plume-rise on the transport of carbon monoxide over Africa with NCAR CAM