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We have studied the structure and formation thermodynamics of dimer clusterscontaining H2SO4 or HSO4− together with ammonia andseven different amines possibly present in the atmosphere, using thehigh-level ab initio methods RI-MP2 and RI-CC2. As expected from e.g. proton affinitydata, the binding of all studied amine-H2SO4 complexes issignificantly stronger than that of NH3•H2SO4,while most amine-HSO4− complexes are only somewhat more stronglybound than NH3•HSO4−. Further calculations onlarger cluster structures containing dimethylamine or ammonia together withtwo H2SO4 molecules or one H2SO4 molecule and oneHSO4− ion demonstrate that amines, unlike ammonia, significantlyassist the growth of not only neutral but also ionic clusters along theH2SO4 co-ordinate. A sensitivity analysis indicates that thedifference in complexation free energies for amine- and ammonia-containingclusters is large enough to overcome the mass-balance effect caused by thefact that the concentration of amines in the atmosphere is probably 2 or 3orders of magnitude lower than that of ammonia. This implies that aminesmight be more important than ammonia in enhancing neutral and especiallyion-induced sulfuric acid-water nucleation in the atmosphere

Amines are likely to enhance neutral and ion-induced sulfuric acid-water nucleation in the atmosphere more effectively than ammonia