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Airborne measurements of the halogenated trace gases methyl chloride, methylbromide and chloroform were conducted over the Atlantic Ocean and about1000 km of pristine tropical rainforest in Suriname and French Guyana (3–6° N,51–59° W) in October 2005. In the boundary layer (0–1.4 km), maritime airmasses, advected over the forest by southeasterly trade winds, were measuredat various distances from the coast. Since the organohalogens presented herehave relatively long atmospheric lifetimes (0.4–1.0 years) in comparison tothe advection times from the coast (1–2 days), emissions will accumulate inair traversing the rainforest. The distributions of methyl chloride, methylbromide and chloroform were analyzed as a function of time the air spentover land and the respective relationship used to determine net fluxes fromthe rainforest for one week within the long dry season. Net fluxes from the rainforest ecosystem have been calculated for methylchloride and chloroform as 9.5 (±3.8 2σ) and 0.35 (±0.152σ)μg m-2 h−1, respectively. No significant flux wasobserved for methyl bromide within the limits of these measurements. The global budget of methyl chloride contains large uncertainties, inparticular with regard to a possible source from tropical vegetation. Ourmeasurements are used in a large-scale approach to determine the net fluxfrom a tropical ecosystem to the planetary boundary layer. The obtainedglobal net flux of 1.5 (±0.6 2σ) Tg yr-1 for methylchloride is at the lower end of current estimates for tropical vegetationsources, which helps to constrain the range of tropical sources and sinks(0.82 to 8.2 Tg yr-1 from tropical plants, 0.03 to 2.5 Tg yr-1 from senescent/dead leaves and a sink of 0.1 to 1.6 Tg yr-1 by soiluptake). Nevertheless, these results show that the contribution of therainforest ecosystem is the major source in the global budget of methylchloride. For chloroform, the extrapolated global net flux from tropical ecosystems is56 (±23 2σ) Gg yr−1, which is of minor importancecompared to the total global sources and might be already contained in thesoil emission term

Halogenated organic species over the tropical South American rainforest