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The impact of Asian dust on cloud radiative forc- ing during 2003-2006 is studied by using the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy Budget Scanner (CERES) data and the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model. Analysis of satellite data shows that the dust aerosol significantly reduced the cloud cooling effect at TOA. In dust contaminated cloudy regions, the 4-year mean values of the instantaneous short- wave, longwave and net cloud radiative forcing are 138.9, 69.1, and 69.7 Wm 2 , which are 57.0, 74.2, and 46.3%, respectively, of the corresponding values in pristine cloudy regions. The satellite-retrieved cloud properties are signif- icantly different in the dusty regions and can influence the radiative forcing indirectly. The contributions to the cloud ra- diation forcing by the dust direct, indirect and semi-direct ef- fects are estimated using combined satellite observations and Fu-Liou model simulation. The 4-year mean value of com- bination of dust indirect and semi-direct shortwave radiative forcing (SWRF) is 82.2 Wm 2 , which is 78.4% of the total dust effect. The dust direct effect is only 22.7 Wm 2 , which is 21.6% of the total effect. Because both first and second indirect effects enhance cloud cooling, the aerosol-induced cloud warming is mainly the result of the semi-direct effect of dust.

Estimation of Asian dust aerosol effect on cloud radiation forcing using Fu-Liou radiative model and CERES measurements