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The precision of the two-layer cloud height fields derived from theAtmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is explored and quantified for afive-day set of observations. Coincident profiles of vertical cloudstructure by CloudSat, a 94 GHz profiling radar, and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidarand Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), are compared toAIRS for a wide range of cloud types. Bias and variability in cloud heightdifferences are shown to have dependence on cloud type, height, and amount,as well as whether CloudSat or CALIPSO is used as the comparison standard.The CloudSat-AIRS biases and variability range from −4.3 to 0.5±1.2–3.6 kmfor all cloud types. Likewise, the CALIPSO-AIRS biases rangefrom 0.6–3.0±1.2–3.6 km (−5.8 to −0.2±0.5–2.7 km) forclouds ≥7 km (<7 km). The upper layer of AIRS has the greatestsensitivity to Altocumulus, Altostratus, Cirrus, Cumulonimbus, andNimbostratus, whereas the lower layer has the greatest sensitivity toCumulus and Stratocumulus. Although the bias and variability generallydecrease with increasing cloud amount, the ability of AIRS to constraincloud occurrence, height, and amount is demonstrated across all cloud typesfor many geophysical conditions. In particular, skill is demonstrated forthin Cirrus, as well as some Cumulus and Stratocumulus, cloud types infraredsounders typically struggle to quantify. Furthermore, some improvements inthe AIRS Version 5 operational retrieval algorithm are demonstrated.However, limitations in AIRS cloud retrievals are also revealed, includingthe existence of spurious Cirrus near the tropopause and low cloud layerswithin Cumulonimbus and Nimbostratus clouds. Likely causes of spuriousclouds are identified and the potential for further improvement isdiscussed

Cloud type comparisons of AIRS, CloudSat, and CALIPSO cloud height and amount