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During the ICARTT-ITOP Experiment in summer 2004 plumes from large wildfiresin North America were transported to Central Europe at 3–8 km altitudeabove sea level (a.s.l.). These plumes were studied with the DLR (DeutschesZentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt) research aircraft Falcon which wasequipped with an extensive set of in situ aerosol and trace gas instruments.Analyses by the Lagrangian dispersion model FLEXPART provided sourceregions, transport times and horizontal extent of the fire plumes. Resultsfrom the general circulation model ECHAM/MADE and data from previous aerosolstudies over Central Europe provided reference vertical profiles of blackcarbon (BC) mass concentrations for year 2000 conditions with forest fireactivities below the long-term average. Smoke plume observations yielded aBC mass fraction of total aerosol mass with respect to PM 2.5 of 2–8%.The ratio of BC mass to excess CO was 3–7.5 mg BC (g CO)<sup>−1</sup>.Even after up to 10 days of atmospheric transport, both characteristicproperties were of the same order as for fresh emissions. This suggests anefficient lifting of BC from forest fires to higher altitudes with onlyminor scavenging removal of particulate matter. Maximum aerosol absorptioncoefficient values were 7–8 Mm<sup>−1</sup> which is about two orders ofmagnitude above the average European free tropospheric background value.Forest fire aerosol size distributions were characterised by a stronginternally mixed accumulation mode centred at modal diameters of0.25–0.30 µm with an average distribution width of 1.30. Nucleationand small Aitken mode particles were almost completely depleted

Perturbation of the European free troposphere aerosol by North American forest fire plumes during the ICARTT-ITOP experiment in summer 2004