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Global transports and budgets of three PCBs were investigated with a 3-Ddynamic model for semi-volatile persistent organic pollutants – GEM/POPs.Dominant pathways were identified for PCB transports in the atmosphere witha transport flux peaking below 8 km for gaseous and 14 km for particulatePCB28, and peaking below 4 km for gaseous and 6 km for particulate PCB180.The inter-continental transports of PCBs in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) aredominated in the zonal direction with their route changes regulatedseasonally by the variation of westerly jet. The transport pathways fromEurope and North Atlantic contributed the most PCBs to the Arctic.Inter-hemispheric transports of PCBs originated from the regions of Europe,Asia and North America in three different flow-paths, accompanying witheasterly jet, Asian monsoon winds and trade winds. PCBs from the SouthernHemisphere (SH) could also be exported into the NH. According to the PCBemissions of year 2000, Europe, North America and Asia are the three largestsources of the three PCBs, contributing to the global backgroundconcentrations in the atmosphere, soil and water. Globally, PCB28 in soiland water has become a comparable source to the anthropogenic emissionswhile heavier PCBs such as PCB153 and 180 are still transporting into soiland water. For all three congeners, particulate PCBs are concentrated in thehigher levels than gaseous PCBs. More than half of the particulate PCB28could reach up to the stratosphere, while most of the heavier counter-parts(PCB153 and PCB180) are stored in the troposphere including boundary layerwith more than 99% gaseous PCB180 below 6 km

GEM/POPs: a global 3-D dynamic model for semi-volatile persistent organic pollutants – Part 2: Global transports and budgets of PCBs