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Sources of PM2.5 at the Fresno Supersite during high PM2.5episodes occurring from 15 December 2000–3 February 2001 were estimatedwith the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor model. The ability of sourceprofiles with organic markers to distinguish motor vehicle, residential woodcombustion (RWC), and cooking emissions was evaluated with simulated data.Organics improved the distinction between gasoline and diesel vehicleemissions and allowed a more precise estimate of the cooking sourcecontribution. Sensitivity tests using average ambient concentrations showedthat the gasoline vehicle contribution was not resolved without organics.Organics were not required to estimate hardwood contributions. The mostimportant RWC marker was the water-soluble potassium ion. The estimatedcooking contribution did not depend on cholesterol because itsconcentrations were below the detection limit in most samples. Winter timesource contributions were estimated by applying the CMB model to individualand average sample concentrations. RWC was the largest source,contributing 29–31% of measured PM2.5. Hardwood and softwoodcombustion accounted for 16–17% and 12–15%, respectively. Secondaryammonium nitrate and motor vehicle emissions accounted for 31–33% and9–15%, respectively. The gasoline vehicle contribution (3–10%) wascomparable to the diesel vehicle contribution (5–6%). The cookingcontribution was 5–19% of PM2.5. Fresno source apportionment resultswere consistent with those estimated in previous studies

Evaluation of organic markers for chemical mass balance source apportionment at the Fresno Supersite