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As part of the LBA-SMOCC (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment inAmazonia - Smoke, Aerosols, Clouds, Rainfall, and Climate) 2002 campaign, westudied the emission of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), andaerosol particles from Amazonian deforestation fires using an instrumentedaircraft. Emission ratios for aerosol number (CN) relative to CO(ERCN/CO) fell in the range 14-32 cm-3 ppb-1 in most of theinvestigated smoke plumes. Particle number emission ratios have to ourknowledge not been previously measured in tropical deforestation fires, butour results are in agreement with values usually found from tropical savannafires. The number of particles emitted per amount biomass burned was foundto be dependent on the fire conditions (combustion efficiency). Variabilityin ERCN/CO between fires was similar to the variability caused byvariations in combustion behavior within each individual fire. This wasconfirmed by observations of CO-to-CO2 emission ratios (ERCO/CO2),which stretched across the same wide range of values for individual fires asfor all the fires observed during the sampling campaign, reflecting the factthat flaming and smoldering phases are present simultaneously indeforestation fires. Emission factors (EF) for CO and aerosol particles werecomputed and a correction was applied for the residual smoldering combustion(RSC) fraction of emissions that are not sampled by the aircraft, whichincreased the EF by a factor of 1.5-2.1. Vertical transport of smoke fromthe boundary layer (BL) to the cloud detrainment layer (CDL) and the freetroposphere (FT) was found to be a very common phenomenon. We observed a20% loss in particle number as a result of this vertical transport andsubsequent cloud processing, attributable to in-cloud coagulation. Thissmall loss fraction suggests that this mode of transport is very efficientin terms of particle numbers and occurs mostly via non-precipitating clouds.The detrained aerosol particles released in the CDL and FT were larger thanin the unprocessed smoke, mostly due to coagulation and secondary growth,and therefore more efficient at scattering radiation and nucleating clouddroplets. This process may have significant atmospheric implications on aregional and larger scale

Airborne measurements of trace gas and aerosol particle emissions from biomass burning in Amazonia