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. Although much effort has been put into studying air pollution, our knowledgeof the mechanisms of frequently occurring intense haze episodes in China isstill limited. In this study, using 3 years of measurements of airpollutants at three different height levels on a 325 m Beijingmeteorology tower, we found that a positive aerosol–boundary layer feedbackmechanism existed at three vertical observation heights during intense hazepolluted periods within the mixing layer. This feedback was characterized bya higher loading of PM 2.5 with a shallower mixing layer. Modellingresults indicated that the presence of PM 2.5 within the boundary layer ledto reduced surface temperature, relative humidity and mixing layer heightduring an intensive haze episode. Measurements showed that theaerosol–boundary layer feedback was related to the decrease in solarradiation, turbulent kinetic energy and thereby suppression of the mixinglayer. The feedback mechanism can explain the rapid formation of intensehaze episodes to some extent, and we suggest that the detailed feedbackmechanism warrants further investigation from both model simulations andfield observations.

Rapid formation of intense haze episodes via aerosol–boundary layer feedback in Beijing