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Abstract. Fog is an essential component of Namib-region ecosystems. Current knowledgeon Namib-region fog patterns and processes is limited by a lack of coherentobservations in space and time. In this study, data from multiple satelliteplatforms and station measurements paint a coherent picture of thespatiotemporal dynamics of fog and low cloud (FLC) distribution. It is foundthat observed seasonal FLC patterns derived from satellite observationsdiffer from fog measurements at coastal station locations, whereas they agreefurther inland. This is linked to an observed seasonal cycle in the verticalstructure of FLCs that determines the probability of low-level clouds touchingthe ground. For the first time, these observations are complemented byspatially coherent statistics concerning the diurnal cycle of FLCs usinggeostationary satellite data. The average timing of the start of the diurnalFLC cycle is found to strongly depend on the distance to the coastline(correlation ≈0.85 north of 25 ∘  S), a clear indication ofdominant advective processes. In the central Namib, FLCs typically occur 2–4  h later than in other coastal regions, possibly due to local advectionpatterns. The findings lead to a new conceptual model of the spatiotemporaldynamics of fog and low clouds in the Namib.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of fog and low clouds in the Namib unveiled with ground- and space-based observations