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Abstract. The chemical mechanisms responsible for rapid sulfate production, an importantdriver of winter haze formation in northern China, remain unclear. Here, wepropose a potentially important heterogeneous hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS)chemical mechanism. Through analyzing field measurements with aerosol massspectrometry, we show evidence for a possible significant existence in hazeaerosols of organosulfur primarily as HMS, misidentified as sulfate inprevious observations. We estimate that HMS can account for up to aboutone-third of the sulfate concentrations unexplained by current air qualitymodels. Heterogeneous production of HMS by SO2 and formaldehyde isfavored under northern China winter haze conditions due to high aerosol watercontent, moderately acidic pH values, high gaseous precursor levels, and lowtemperature. These analyses identify an unappreciated importance offormaldehyde in secondary aerosol formation and call for more research onsources and on the chemistry of formaldehyde in northern China winter.

Possible heterogeneous chemistry of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in northern China winter haze