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Abstract. Gasoline vehicles significantly contribute to urban particulatematter (PM) pollution. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, known fortheir higher fuel efficiency than that of port fuel injection (PFI) engines,have been increasingly employed in new gasoline vehicles. However, the impactof this trend on air quality is still poorly understood. Here, weinvestigated both primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA)formation from a GDI and a PFI vehicle under an urban-like driving condition,using combined approaches involving chassis dynamometer measurements andan environmental chamber simulation. The PFI vehicle emits slightly morevolatile organic compounds, e.g., benzene and toluene, whereas the GDIvehicle emits more particulate components, e.g., total PM, elementalcarbon, primary organic aerosols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Strikingly, we found a much higher SOA production (by a factor ofapproximately 2.7) from the exhaust of the GDI vehicle than that of the PFIvehicle under the same conditions. More importantly, the higher SOAproduction found in the GDI vehicle exhaust occurs concurrently with lowerconcentrations of traditional SOA precursors, e.g., benzene and toluene,indicating a greater contribution of intermediate volatility organiccompounds and semi-volatile organic compounds in the GDI vehicle exhaust tothe SOA formation. Our results highlight the considerable potentialcontribution of GDI vehicles to urban air pollution in the future.

Comparison of primary aerosol emission and secondary aerosol formation from gasoline direct injection and port fuel injection vehicles