English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

. The MACC reanalysis dust product is evaluated over Europe,northern Africa and the Middle East using the EARLINET-optimizedCALIOP/CALIPSO pure dust satellite-based product LIVAS (2007–2012). MACCdust optical depth at 550 nm (DOD 550 ) data are compared against LIVASDOD 532 observations. As only natural aerosol (dust and sea salt)profiles are available in MACC, here we focus on layers above 1 km a.s.l.to diminish the influence of sea salt particles that typically reside at lowheights. So, MACC natural aerosol extinction coefficient profiles at 550 nmare compared against dust extinction coefficient profiles at 532 nm fromLIVAS, assuming that the MACC natural aerosol profile data can be similar tothe dust profile data, especially over pure continental regions. It is shownthat the reanalysis data are capable of capturing the major dust hot spots inthe area as the MACC DOD 550 patterns are close to the LIVAS DOD 532 patterns throughout the year. MACC overestimates DOD for regions with lowdust loadings and underestimates DOD for regions with high dust loadingswhere DOD exceeds ∼  0.3. The mean bias between the MACC and LIVAS DODis 0.025 ( ∼  25 %) over the whole domain. Both MACC and LIVAScapture the summer and spring high dust loadings, especially over northernAfrica and the Middle East, and exhibit similar monthly structures despitethe biases. In this study, dust extinction coefficient patterns are reportedat four layers (layer 1: 1200–3000 m a.s.l., layer 2:3000–4800 m a.s.l., layer 3: 4800–6600 m a.s.l. and layer 4:6600–8400 m a.s.l.). The MACC and LIVAS extinction coefficient patternsare similar over areas characterized by high dust loadings for the firstthree layers. Within layer 4, MACC overestimates extinction coefficientsconsistently throughout the year over the whole domain. MACC overestimatesextinction coefficients compared to LIVAS over regions away from the majordust sources while over regions close to the dust sources (the Sahara andMiddle East) it underestimates strongly only for heights below ∼  3–5 km a.s.l. depending on the period of the year. In general, itis shown that dust loadings appear over remote regions and at heights up to9 km a.s.l. in MACC contrary to LIVAS. This could be due to the modelperformance and parameterizations of emissions and other processes, due tothe assimilation of satellite aerosol measurements over dark surfaces only ordue to a possible enhancement of aerosols by the MACC assimilation system.

A 3-D evaluation of the MACC reanalysis dust product over Europe, northern Africa and Middle East using CALIOP/CALIPSO dust satellite observations